Newly Discovered Routes for Knowledge Contamination between Patrick Matthew, Robert Chambers, Herbert Spencer and Alfred Wallace

Spencer began writing n the topic of evolution in his 1851 book 'Social Statistics', London. John

Herbert Spencer

Chapman.

Patrick Matthew - the originator of natural selection theory - most likely influenced Spencer. As yet there is no evidence he did so directly, but he probably did so via Robert Chambers, who cited Matthew's 'On Naval Timber in 1832' (Sutton 2014).  And we know also that Spencer read Chambers' (1844) Vestiges of Creation before writing on the same topic of evolution.

Afer reading and citing Matthew's book, which contained the full hypothesis of natural selection,  Chambers wrote (anonymously) the best selling book  Vestiges of Creation- which put evolution in the air in the first half of the 19th-century - and had it published in 1844 - seven years before Spencer penned a word on the topic of evolution.

Although he later rejected it in the 1860's, Spencer's earliest work in science, in the 1840's, was on the topic of phrenology.  In this regard, like Wallace he was greatly influenced by Chambers's popularisation of this pseudo-scientific doctrine. For example, in the same year (1844) Chambers's Vestiges was first published, Spencer wrote an article on phrenology for the Medical Times (Spencer, H. (1844) The Situation of the Organ Amativeness. The Medical Times. Vol.10. pp, 305-306).

In 1852, Spencer informed his father that he met with Robert Chambers (see Duncan, D. The Life and Letters of Herbert Spencer (Cambridge Library Collection p. 64. This was the year after Spencer's first work that touched upon evolutionary ideas:  Spencer, H. (1851) Social Statics, or the Conditions Essential to Human Happiness.

Routes of Mathewian Knowledge Contamination to Herbert Spencer's Brain

Here then we see a clear possible route of knowledge contamination from the originator Matthew to Chambers - to Spencer from Chambers's published work and also from Chambers to Spencer via anything Chambers may have said to him about Matthew's 1831 book. Moreover, we know that Darwin read Spencer's work before publishing his ideas on natural selection.

Just as Chambers - whose brain is known to have knowledge contaminated by Matthew's original ideas (because he cited Matthew's book in 1832) - was Wallace's greatest influence and an admitted influence on Darwin and wider society on the topic of organic evolution, he is acknowledged as a great influence on Spencer.

Spencer coined the term 'survival of the fittest' in 1864.

Spencer, H. ( 1864) The Principles of Biology, Volume 1. p. 444. London. Williams and Norgate.

Spencer's term (1864) 'survival of the fittest' is simply a re-hash of Matthew's (1831, p. 387) original phrase  'selection by the law of nature', which Darwin (1859) shortened to 'selection by nature' on page 224 of the Origin of Species. Spencers re-hash is more elegant but less precise than Matthew's (1831, p.385) original prose:

'Nature tests their adaptation to her standard of perfection and fitness to continue their kind by reproduction.'

Matthew wrote further about the natural process of selection on pages 364-365 using examples of fierce strength, cunning and swiftness being present in naturally selected species:

'This law sustains the lion in his strength, the hare in her swiftness, and the fox in his wiles.'

Furthermore, Matthew (pp 307-308 wrote of the survival of 'the best circumstance suited for reproduction', which is a far more precise phrase than Spencer's, which has been wrongly taken by non-experts to imply that the most athletic survive in competition.

Moreover, Matthew uses his phrase in the context of his original Artificial versus Natural selection analogy of Differences, that Wallace used in his 1858 Ternate paper, Darwin used in his unpublished essay and then to open Chapter One of the Origin of Species (Darwin 1859).

Matthew was the first to use the powerfully simple Artificial versus Natural Selection Analogy of Differences to explain the complexity of natural selection. This is probably the most important explanatory analogy ever published in the history of humanity. Loren Eiseley (1979) had earlier discovered that Darwin's unpublished (1844) replicated Matthew's (1831) plants grown in nurseries versus those growing wild analogy of differences to explain the operation of natural selection. What none before me picked up on is that Darwin (1859) opened Chapter 1 of the Origin of Species with Matthew's unique explanatory analogy:

'When we look to the individuals of the same variety or sub-variety of our older cultivated plants and animals, one of the first points which strikes us, is, that they generally differ much more from each other, than do the individuals of any one species or variety in a state of nature. When we reflect on the vast diversity of the plants and animals which have been cultivated, and which have varied during all ages under the most different climates and treatment, I think we are driven to conclude that this greater variability is simply due to our domestic productions having been raised under conditions of life not so uniform as, and somewhat different from, those to which the parent-species have been exposed under nature.'

Matthew (1831) had earlier written on page 308 - in the main body of his book:

Patrick Matthew: The New Data

Pay a Visit to 

Patrick Matthew.com. 

 Big Data technology enabled me to newly discover facts that 100 per cent  prove Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace fallaciously claimed that no one read Matthew's prior-published discovery and explanatory examples of natural selection before their replications of both.

This website explains the significance of the New Data about who Darwin and Wallace each knew who really did read Patrick Matthew's (1831) original and full prior published hypothesis of natural selection, and then influenced their thinking on the topic before Darwin and Wallace (1858) replicated and claimed Matthew's ideas as their own independent discovery.

  Evolutionary biologists appear to be in a classic 'state of denial' over the  facts about who Darwin and Wallace knew who did read and then cite Matthew's ideas before 1858.

 You are invited to peruse what I have written, study the New Data, and make up your own mind.

                                                          Dr Mike Sutton (2015)

A Message to Isis in Syria from beyond the grave

Dear Isis in Syria, I found a message for you. Sent from beyond the grave pic.twitter.com/M7vlTGzLr8

— Dr Mike Sutton (@Dysology) December 19, 2015

The Replicator Response Cocktail

My research is in the area of priority and multiple independent discovery is in its early stages, but so far in the case of Darwin, Wallace and Matthew and others I have found a pattern appears to be emerging.

The Cocktail of Responses from Replicators when Confronted by Originators

Darwin Lied

Darwin's confidence trick fooled us all

Discover the truth at PatrickMatthew.com

Prezi on Darwin's Lying, Plagiarising Science Fraud by Glory Theft

Click here and then click the arrows below the slide to run the presentation to see exactly how Here

Darwin lied and misled the world for 155 years about the influence of the originator of natural selection theory:

The Royal Society Darwin Medal Scandal: You won't win a Darwin Medal for writing the truth about the discovery of natural selection

Darwin Medal

It is universally accepted by leading evolutionary biologists that Patrick Matthew was first to go into  print with the full and detailed hypothesis of natural selection almost three decades before Wallace and Darwin repeated the same ideas and explanatory examples but failed to cite the originator even though his greatest influencer Blyth had his work edited by a famous naturalist (Loudon) who cited Matthew's original ideas in 1832. Wallace's (1855) Sarawak paper was edited by Selby, another who read and cited Matthew's ideas. And Robert Chambers - who influenced both Darwin and Wallace on evolution - cited Matthew's book before writing the Vestiges of Creation (see Sutton 2015).

In an earlier blog, I revealed that the Royal Society Darwin Medal winners Sir Gavin de Beer and Ernst Mayr both published the nonsense-on-stilts that Matthew's ideas were not read by any naturalists of biologists before 1860 - a year after Darwin replicated the in the Origin of Species (See my blog of 26th August 2015 for the hard facts).

In this blog post, I reveal the totally fallacious Darwin deification claptrap on this topic published by a third Royal Society Darwin Medal Winner - his name is William D. Hamilton. 

Narrow Roads of Gene Land: The Collected Papers of W. D. Hamilton Volume 2: Evolution of Sex: Evolution of Sex Vol 2 (Evolution of Sex, 2) - page 211:

'Darwin, not Patrick Matthew gets the full credit for evolution by natural selection because Darwin wrote his ideas clearly and persistently with extreme multiplicity of illustrations, not a few paragraphs (clear though those paragraphs also were) of note F of an appendix to a book on naval timber and arboriculture.'

Hamilton's biased fallacy spreading confirms the proposition that Royal Society Darwin Medals are not given out to those who write the truth. It seems they are earned by those who write easily discoverable falsehoods to prop up the reputation of  the Royal Society's science royalty darling Charles Darwin at the glory theft expense of the truth that Matthew should be considered the originator and most eminent author on the topic of natural selection.

As Matthew's 1860 letters to Darwin in the Gardener'a Chronicle - and even a cursory examination of his book -  prove Matthew's ideas were spread throughout his 1831 book and not just concentrated in its Appendix. In disconfirmation of the Darwinist myth, propagated by Darwin (1861)  from the third edition onwards of the Origin of Species, that Matthew merely enunciated natural selection in the appendix of his book, it is in fact in the main body of his book where Matthew used facts about varieties bred by means of artificial selection as a way to demonstrate how differently nature worked to mankind, because natural selection results in fewer but more robust varieties.

The following texts represent just three examples among many others that could be used to prove just how completely fallacious was Hamilton's (1998) claim that Matthew's ideas were brief, unclear, and solely in note F of the appendix of his book: For example, in the main body of his book, he wrote (Matthew 1831)

Matthew (1831 Page 67):

‘Our common larch like almost every other kind of tree consists of numberless varieties, which differ considerably in quickness of growth, ultimate size, and value of timber. This subject has been much neglected. We are, however, on the eve of great improvements in arboriculture; the qualities and habits of varieties are just beginning to be studied. It is also found that the uniformity in each kind of wild growing plants called species may be broken down by art or culture and that when once a breach is made, there is almost no limit to disorder, the mele that ensues being nearly incapable of reduction.’

Matthew, 1831 Page 76):

‘The consequences are now being developed of our deplorable ignorance of, or inattention to, one of the most evident traits of natural history, that vegetables as well as animals are generally liable to an almost unlimited diversification, regulated by climate[1], soil, nourishment, and new commixture of already formed varieties. In those with which man is most intimate, and where his agency in throwing them from their natural locality and dispositions has brought out this power of diversification in stronger shades, it has been forced upon his notice, as in man himself in the dog, horse, cow, sheep, poultry.- in the apple, Pear, plum, gooseberry, potato, pea, which sport in infinite varieties, differing considerably in size, colour, taste, firmness of texture, period of growth, almost in every recognisable quality. In all these kinds man is influential in preventing deterioration, by careful selection of the largest or most valuable as breeders; but in timber trees the opposite course has been pursued. The large growing varieties being so long of coming to produce seed, that many plantations are cut down before they reach this maturity, the small growing and weakly varieties, known by early and extreme seeding, have been continually selected as reproductive stock, from the ease and conveniency with which their seed could be procured; and the husks of several kinds of these invariably kiln dried, in order that the seeds might be the more easily extracted! May we then wonder that our plantations are occupied by a sickly short lived puny race, incapable of supporting existence in situations where their own kind had formerly flourished - particularly evinced in the genus Pinus more particularly in the species Scots fir; so much inferior to those of Nature's own rearing, where only the stronger, more hardy soil, suited varieties can struggle forward to maturity and reproduction?

We say that the rural economist should pay as much regard to the breed or particular variety of his forest trees, as he does to that of his live stock of horses, cows, and sheep. That nurserymen should attest the variety of their timber plants, sowing no seeds but those gathered from the largest, most healthy, and luxuriant growing trees, abstaining from the seed of the prematurely productive, and also from that of the very aged and over mature; as they, from animal analogy, may be expected to give an infirm progeny, subject to premature decay.’

Matthew (1831, p. 308):

‘Man’s interference, by preventing this natural process of selection among plants, independent of the wider range of circumstances to which he introduces them, has increased the differences in varieties particularly in the more domesticated kinds…’

Pierre Bourdieu, Darwinist Cultural Concealment and Patrick Matthew

On Patrick Matthew

Pierre Bourdieu famously wrote 'The function of sociology, as of every science, is to reveal that which is hidden'. This book reveals that which was once hidden.

'Nullius in Verba: Darwin's greatest secret' is based on new discoveries that I made using hi-tech Big Data research methods.

Long neglected publications, now re-discovered, re-write the history of the discovery of natural selection. In light of what has been unearthed in these publications, the orthodox Darwinist account for why we should believe Charles Darwin's and Alfred Wallace's stories of their independent discoveries of Patrick Matthew's prior published hypothesis is newly proven to be completely wrong. The Darwinist account is wrong simply because the premises upon which it rests are newly punctured myths.

It doesn't matter how beautiful the theory of natural selection is. It doesn't matter how smart Charles Darwin, attributed with its independent discovery was. It doesn't matter what the majority view is. If it doesn't agree with the independently verifiable facts about who really did read Patrick Matthew's prior published discovery and hypothesis of natural selection, and when, the Darwinist story that no such people read it is wrong. And that means the story of Darwin's independent discovery of natural selection is wrong. And it is wrong because it is based on the newly disproven premise that no one Darwin knew, or was influenced by, or who his influencers were influenced by, read Matthew's original ideas and explanatory examples before he replicated them.

Prior to the publication of the original findings in my book, the history of the discovery of natural selection was founded upon the fixed-false-belief that no one known to Darwin or Wallace had read Patrick Matthew's (1831) full prior published theory of natural selection before Darwin's and Wallace's (1858) and Darwin's (1859) claimed independent discoveries of the same explanation for all life on Earth.

In fact, prior to their replication of Matthew's 'natural process of selection', along with many of his confirmatory examples and his unique explanatory analogy, Darwin/Wallace corresponded with, were editorially assisted by, admitted to being influenced by and met with other naturalists who - it is newly discovered - had read and cited Matthew's book long before 1858. Of that number, several mentioned Matthew's original ideas on natural selection and one who cited the book, Robert Chambers, went on to write the best-selling book on evolution - the Vestiges of Creation (1844), which influenced Darwin and Wallace on the topic and put evolution 'in the air' in the mid 19th century. Hence, probable Matthewian knowledge contamination of the minds of Darwin and Wallace creates a new paradigm in the history of scientific discovery,

Further newly discovered evidence, including a detailed plagiarism check, six lies Darwin told, and Wallace's doctoring of a letter in his autobiography, strongly suggests that Darwin and Wallace more likely than not plagiarised Matthew's ideas and so committed the World's greatest science fraud.

To find out about the new hi-tech, BigData research method that discovered the New Data, which debunks, with independently verifiable hard facts, the old unevidenced 'expert'majority view of Darwin's and Wallace's supposed dual, vexatiously anomalous and paradoxical immaculate conceptions of Matthew's prior published hypothesis of natural selection, please visit the website: PatrickMatthew.com   

THANK YOU GOOGLE FOR: The Big Data-IDD Bombshell Detection Research Method

ONE MORE STEP FORWARD FOR ALL THE VERACITY SEEKERS:
Nullius-Verba-Darwins-Greatest-Secret-ebook

If you agree with any of the following three statements then PatrickMatthew.com is probably not for you

1. I am not at all interested in learning that there are irrefutable facts that newly prove Charles Darwin was a liar who wrote the exact opposite to what he had been informed was the truth about who he knew who cited Patrick Matthew's book and the original ideas in it, which he claimed to have discovered independently of Matthew, before he replicated those ideas and then excused himself for doing so by writing self-serving lies that those original ideas in Matthew's book were unread by any naturalists and unread by anyone. [Agree] [Disagree]
2. I am not interested in any evidence that denigrates the great original genius thinker Charles Darwin, and some of the most revered scientists in the world who credulously parroted his lies because I would rather have the romance and the lies. [Agree] [Disagree]
3. It does not matter what has been newly proven about the probable influence of Matthew's original thinking on Darwin and Alfred Wallace, because all that matters is the ideas and who convinced the wider world of their importance. [Agree] [Disagree]

If you disagreed with all of the above statements then you might care enough about veracity in the history of scientific discovery to proceed to read the following fully evidenced facts

1. Patrick Matthew was the only person to be first to discover the macro evolution process of natural selection as the answer to the origination and extinction of all species on Earth.(Evidence here   ).
2. Darwin was a self-serving serial liar who deliberately corrupted the history of discovery of natural selection. (Evidence here)
3. Leading evolutionary biologists parroted Darwin's lies, and by so doing facilitated a 'culture of concealment' of the evidence that proves Darwin and Wallace knew and were influenced directly by those who read - and then cited - Matthew's book, and the original ideas in it, before 1858. Moreover, Darwin's and Wallace's proven influencers also knew those who read and cited Matthew's original ideas before 1858. (Evidence here   ).

On Darwinism v Darwinist

ONCE AGAIN, THE BIGDATA-IDD METHOD CUTS THROUGH UNINFORMED CLAPTRAP LIKE A BUZZSAW IN BALONEY

Public Domain

Vogt (1863) was apparently the first to be second to use the term Darwinist, which was first coined in 1861

I've noticed, since the publication of my myth busting bookNullius in Verba: Darwin's greatest secret,    that many commentators really don't like being referred to as Darwinists, although they have no problem with 'Darwinism'. Many Darwinists consider the word 'Darwinist' as a term of abuse, and they attribute it to irrational arguments made against Darwin and the theory of natural selection. On which note, according to Jonathan Wells, of the "intelligent design" community, the terms 'Darwinism' and Darwinist' are interchangeable and Darwinists are wrong to believe the term 'Darwinist' is meant to be derogatory.

Darwinist or Darwinian, They're One and the Same    by Jonathan Wells    August 31, 2007:

Dysology.orgAttribution

Bulloney

"Darwinian" is the name preferred by modern evolutionary biologists, who use it widely in the scientific and popular literature. Yet this is a distinction without a difference. Whether such people call themselves Darwinists or Darwinians, they apparently haven't heard the news that "evolutionary biology has advanced way beyond Darwin's 19th-century tracts."

Could Scott be following the lead of Harvard sociobiologist Edward O. Wilson, who claims that the word "Darwinism" was coined by creationists to make Darwin look bad? "It's a rhetorical device to make evolution seem like a kind of faith, like 'Maoism'," said Wilson in Newsweek in November 2005. "Scientists," he added, "don't call it Darwinism." [4]

Nice try, but Wilson's revisionist approach to the history of biology doesn't fit the facts. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, Thomas Henry Huxley (Darwin's most famous defender in Britain) used "Darwinism" in 1864 to describe Charles Darwin's theory. In 1876, Harvard botanist Asa Gray (who was Darwin's most ardent scientific defender in America) published Darwiniana: Essays and Reviews Pertaining to Darwinism, and in 1889 natural selection's co-discoverer Alfred Russel Wallace published Darwinism: An Exposition of the Theory of Natural Selection. Two of Wilson's former Harvard colleagues, evolutionary biologists Ernst Mayr and Stephen Jay Gould, used the word extensively in their scientific writings, and recent science journals carry articles with titles such as "Darwinism and Immunology" and "The Integration of Darwinism and Evolutionary Morphology."

The reason that "Darwinism" and "Darwinian" -- even "Darwinist" -- are used by modern evolutionary biologists is that they are more precise than "evolution" and "evolutionist." The latter have many meanings, most of them uncontroversial.

The OED has detected the use of the word Darwinism to refer to either to the poetry of Darwin's grandfather Erasmus Darwin, or else, presumably, Erasmus's belief in the development theory of evolution  (that all things are evolving to perfection, which is not natural selection theory). Here the first usage discovered by the OED is 1840:

.1840 Brit. & Foreign Rev. 10 105 The blank verse of Queen Mab differs little from that measure as it appears in the poems of Akenside, who exercised considerable influence over such poets as escaped from the popular vortex of Darwinism.'

And at the time of writing, the OED has the use of the modern meaning of the term Darwinism dated to Darwin's friend Thomas Huxley (AKA Darwin's Bulldog), who was apparently first to use the word Darwinism in this regard in 1860. Huxley used the word in his 1860 book review of Darwin's Origin of Species published in the Westminster Review,(see Darwin Online   ):

PatrickMatthew.comAttribution

Huxley was apparently the first to coin the word "Darwinism" in 1860

And so we see that the OED is today accurate, if not when Wells wrote on the topic in 2007, with regards to the earliest discoverable use of the word Darwinism. Moreover, here Wells is right, because the term most certainly was not coined in a derogatory context for either Erasmus or Charles. .

So what of the Etymological Origins of the term Darwinist?

The Oxford English Dictionary OED (at the time of writing 23.11.15) has it that it means one or both of two things::

A follower of Charles Darwin; a person who accepts or promotes Darwinism (in scientific and extended use).

And the earliest date the so-called etymological "experts" at the OED can get back to for the word is:

"1864 J. Hunt tr. C. Vogt Lect. on Man xvi. 464 No Darwinist [Ger. Darwinist]," " if we must call them so, has either raised that question or drawn the above inference."

Once again BIgData-IDD gets us back further than the OED's experts

When it comes to the term Darwinist - no matter how it is used and perceived by different people today - the same BigData-DD method that found the data that re-wrote the history of the discovery of natural selection (Sutton 2014   ) allows us to uncover the fact that 'Darwinist' was, apparently, first coined - in 1861 in a Dutch Book entitled "The Agony of the Popes" by Edmond Lafond, and Adrianus J. Bemmel.    Here the context is somewhat supportive of Darwinism.

Public Domain

First coining of the word Darwinist by Edmond Lafond, and Adrianus J. Bemmel in 1861

As we can see in the image of the text below, where Vogt is quoted by James Hunt (1866), who two years earlier edited Vogt's 1864 book, which is simply the English translation of Vogt's 1863 original German version, the term Darwinist was used by Vogt in what is a fairly derogatory way. The term is used also, seemingly, in a rather begrudgingly way by Vogt, who seems reluctant to comply with using the prior-published group identifying label for Darwin's faithful followers. See Vogt in 1864    in English and in 1863 in the original German.    Perhaps this is because the German Vogt was not at all happy at the idea of natural selection. He certainly disliked its natural conclusions regarding the divergent ramifications of life, since they undermined his beliefs about species.

Public Domain

Vogt was, apparently, "first to be second" with the term Darwinist.

Natural selection was first explained by Patrick Matthew (1831) in his first book 'On Naval Timber and Arboriculture' where he explained the origin of species being defined as those that ramified from but could no longer breed with a common ancestor, meant there were no different species of human beings - only different varieties. But Carl Vogt believed - contrary to the sound knowledge of Thomas Huxley on this topic - that Black people and White people are distinct species. Of course, Matthew knew the very same thing that Huxley later concluded as early as 1831 when he first published his original ideas on 'the natural process of selection'.

Thanks to Big Data analysis of the literature comprising the books scanned in the Google Library Project, we now know that - contrary to the beliefs of many Darwinists - the term used to name them was apparently originally penned in a book written in Dutch in 1861, where it was first coined in print as a compliment.

Public Domain

Patrick Matthew: The biological father of the theory of natural selection

Matthew took the original ideas of 1831 forward in his second book 'Emigration Fields' (Matthew 1839) where he recommended white British colonists interbreed with the Maori people of New Zealand and was apparently first to coin both the phrase and concept of the modern Peace Corps (here) .

See PatrickMatthew.com    for the full details of Darwin's and Wallace's plagiarism and the dreadful 'culture of concealment' dysology of Darwin's Darwinists on the topic since 1860 to the present day.